hawkins



; Unire STATES PATENT oFnIcE.

wM. IIAwKINs, FMILWAUKEE, wIscoNsIN.

s'rAvEmnEssINe IvIAcrIINE.`

Specification of Letters IPatent .No. 8,245, `elated July 22, 1,851.

T 0 all whom t may concern .j t i Be it known that I, WM HAwKINs, of Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of llisconsin, haveiinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Dressing and JointingStaves; and I` do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying draw-` ings,l forming part of this specification, in

which the same letters of referencein thel` different figures refer to like parts.

Figure l,is a perspective view of the ma.. chine the parts colored blue being a wood frame, (this may` be of iron) Fig. ;2, is a ground plan and Fig. 3an elevation of that part of the machine `used in jointing the staves.

a.Fig. l, is a drum tion `is communicated from the first mover" by means of a bandpassingover a pulley on the opposite endof the drum `shaft which is notshown, there is upon this shaft at the same end a small pulley from which a band passes to a large pulley on the shaft upon which the pinion b, is placed, and through the said pinion to another C, on the shaftel, which carries `the lower fluted rollers 0".

This shaft carries spur` `.wheel e, this inA turngears into awwheel of the` saine size which is fixed? upon `a stud attached to the frame in the same manner as shownat z, and 7c', Fig. l, and this gears into another wheel of the same size upon the shaft ofthe second fluted roller 0 and so on by a 'simi` lar arrangement, only that the two stud wheels e and 6 of the lower rollers are geared together in such a manner as to secure a uniform and `constant motion inthe same direction, while a corresponding motion is secured to the upper rollers by means ofthe finger wheels The `first three upper rollers and the lirstltwo lower rollersare fluted while all the others are plain. Those rollers ,thus gearedtogether eifectsthe feedmotion of the machine. 1, t t t `The lower roller shaft upon which the pinion g, is placed having a motion com- `mon to all the roller shafts communicates `that motion through the stud wheel It, to the spur wheel ffl, and theimiter wheel j. The spur wheel d, gives motion to `the studwheel le, which carries the pin 7c, thisat every revolution comes` in contact with the bent are placed above the rollerishafts instead of below, all the shafts lever carrying it forward until the pin passes the elbow when it lets go, in this 1no` tion the pitman Z, the lever Z, and by the partial turning of the shaft Z", the lever Zilli and the sliding rod or pitman m, to` which the starting hand m, is attached are all carried `forward in the direction of the; i

rollers a distance that may be increased or diminished by simply raising or lowering the end of the pitman Z, attached to Z, and

as soon the. pin 7c, lets go the bent lever Z,

4the spiral springm, on the sliding rodm, carries this whole series of levers, Sac., back lto the position shown in the drawing, and `this operation will be repeated as often as `70.',Inakes a revolution. This effects `the n 1 starting of the stave into the machine `at the t proper time.` i or driver to which mo# Mot-ion having been communicated to the Vmiter wheel j, as above described it will be transferred through l7",to the cam z which` iwill` of course make one revolution for eyery` revolutionof a', of 7c', and allthe movements depending on these, the shaft uponwhich uponthe shaft j while the cam `y fixednpon the knee piece 7a, which works in *a groove or recess in the disk y 'lill which jkeeps it in position while it allows it to move jin the directionof its length by means of the setfscrews acting on opposite sides ofthe ldisk j-.-there is a bolt passing through the knee piecein a slot and screwing into the g disk by means of which, when once adjusted the wvhole `is secured firmly together. There is attached `to the cam yckes 15, pitrnen 15 which pass into the bosses on the `carriages t', and fit in holes in them snugly, so that they may slide in and out under the y action of the screws to be describedpresently; there are twoclamps u', a', Fig. 2,

which connect the screw shafts with the pitmen above described these `clamps are` secured firmly to the pitmen if", ti and have i bosses extending to the spur wheels a, u, in which the screw shafts revolve the `inotlon being communicated by meansl of the crank `shaftupon which the cranlg lle, andthe spur` wheels u, u, are fixed the object being to set the jointing cutters t, t, to any required width, the screws being right and left, the screw shafts revolving in the same direction moves the carriages and cutters in opposite directions.

The carriages t', 2f', are neatly fitted upon the planed ways t t as shown in Fig. l, so that they may move freely to and from each other under the action of the cams jm jm. The carriages extend down below the ways and support the lower end of.the cutter shafts as shown in Fig. 8. The cams j", jm', are composed of parts of two circles, and as above set forth may have any required amount of throw, and being an irregular cam they will not fill a rigid yoke, and as it is necessary that the motion should be positive and steady, 1 make the outer piece of the yoke in the form of a semielliptic spring and thus secure the filling of the yoke as is more clearly shown in Fig. 3. The yoke may be dispensed with by using springs to throw out the ends of the pitmen toward the cams so as always to keep the cams bearing on their ends.

There is attached to the ways t, an upright u, upon which the stave rests, (as shown in Fig'. 3); while the operation of jointing is being performed, and upon this upper side the roller r", Figs. l and 3, acts in the same manner and by the same means as described in the case of i', and r, Fig. l, at the same time that it is held by large rollers as in the case of the other cutters. This roller is supported by the cross bar rm Fig. l.

All the lower roller shaft boxes areJ fixed permanently in the stands as shown, having underneath them a small set screw by means of which their height can be regulated, while the upper roller shafts are made to revolve in boxes that are free to move up and down to a limited extent in the stands, to allow of thicker or thinner staves passing between them. These boxes have attached to their upper side small screw bolts a', &c., Fig. l, upon which a large round washer nut is screwed and rests upon t-he top of the stands by means of which the height of the rollers is regulated and they are prevented from falling too low when there is no stave between them.

The rolls rest upon the stave with a force equal to their own weight and in addition their power is increased by means of the spiral springs o, c, Fig. 1, which are placed upon the small rods upon which the large round washer nuts are screwed, and upon the upper side of which the spring o, acts at the same time that it presses upon the under side of the frame.

stands and through recesses cast in the sides of the stands extending above the upper These rods pass up through the frame and the bottoms of the boxes having a short hook upon their upper end which turns over and rests upon the top of the box, by this means the rollers are allowed to rise up sufliciently to allow the staves to pass and at the same time are made to act with any required force by turning the nut on the lower end of the rod up or down.

The rollers are so arranged in the frame as that 0, 0, 0, and o, o 0, Fig. 6, shall have their axes parallel with the frame of t-he machine, so that the bolt will pass in straight to the first or under cutter, by which the under part of the stave is merely smoothed; and the rollers o and 0 are arranged so that their axes shall form a curved line rising upward from the plane of the rollers 0, 0, for the purpose of bending the stave in the direction of the curve so formed; this upsets the grain of the wood immediately under the upper cutter, and compresses it close together, which allows the upper cutter to take oif the excess of wood on the bolt without slivering or splintering said bolt, and leaving it perfectly smooth. The rollers 0, in rear of the cutters are perfect, straight cylinders, and the rollers 0", underneath them are convex, so that the stave when dressed will rest its whole surface on the under or convex rollers, and the upper surface of said stave will only be touched by the upper rollers on the crown of its curved surface; this drives the stave through in a perfect stra-ight line, and feeds it to the cutters for dressing the edges thereof, without the use of guides. In machines for a similar purposewherev convex and concave rollers are used, the difference in diameter, and consequent velocity with which different portions of the rollers travel, forces the stave out of line, the slightest variation from a straight line multiplying itself by the conical shape of such rollers, which prevents the stave from coming to the edging tool or cutters without the most rigid guides and with great friction. By my arrangement this is entirely obviated, and the stave will pass through straight, wit-hout any friction further than the mere carrying of the stave between the rollers.

There is in addition to the rollers above described for securing the stave while it is being dressed on either side of the shaft g, and as near it as may be and allow room for the cutters two bed pieces or plates the vends of which are seen at p, and p, Fig. 1, these extend across the frame resting in the stands as shown and held securely by means of the bolts passing through the frame, their under surfaces on the sides nearest the cutters are concave so as to allow them to approach as near the cutters as may be; while immediately over these the two small rollers 7^, and 1^', Fig. l, are placed in such a manner that they are made to press upon` the stave by means of the spiral springs acting upon the upperfside of theifork in `which the roller` plays and `.upon the/under side of thefarm attached `to `the crossibar. r, while their height isregulatedbyjmeans of the nut run` ning upon the stem of the forkwhich carries the roller and `acting upon theupper side of thearm. a.

There is under the cutters s, which are secured to a revolving shaft or cylinder CZ, a strong bed plate extending across the frame and fastened to it, having its upper surface over which the stave passes, convex to` fitthe concave surface of thestave; there is on each side of the bed plate two small rollers about 1,l inches diameter and 12 inches long placed in small stands, similarin all respects tothe large ones, these small `rollers being fixed, secured and held in all respects inthe same manner as the larger ones before described and placed as near the cutters as possible.` They cannot be seen.

. In the `drawing w, isan eccentric trip for stopping and starting the feed.

a, is a table upon which the staves are laid, against the fence n', there is in this table two grooves as shown while there are two correspondingcleats on the under side of the fence n', working in these grooves to insure its parallelism. There is a nut attached to the under side of the fence havinga stem `passing through the fence and a nut as shown, into this nutthe screw shaft upon which the hand wheel n, is placedpasses, by means of which theadjustment of width is readily made,` while `that of length is effected by slidingthe hand m', along the rod m, and securingfitby means of a small set; screw.

The cutters on the revolving shaft gf are convex as shown in Fig. 5, and those at 8,

1 are concave as shown in Figs. 1 and 4,.` the first dressing the inside and the latterthe, n outside surface of the` stave while theradial line of the Cask `or bevel edge of the stave is effected by simply grinding the cutters in t, t, beveling or longest at the lower edge. Motion is given tothe cutters s, by means of the band ai, and to g, by w, and the motion of ,15, by g/ and i The following` is the operation of the machine. Themachine being in motion and a stave placed upon the table a, against the fence n', the wheel c, in its `revolution brings the pin 7d', in contact with the bent lever Z, carrying` it forward and with it through the connections the `starting hand iii/,which carries the stave forward until the first two rolers ;0, and o', take hold of it and so it passes through the machine, in the meantimethe pin k, having let go the lever Z, the spring m, at once bringsthe starting hand and all the other parts of that movement `back to `the position shown in the drawing and puts it in readiness to rewceive another stave. Meanwhile the stave thus started` into the machine passes f over lthe nysliaftg, and in'doing soits underside "isdressed, `and asitpasses-under the cutters is', y its :upper `or outer` surface .is dressed,` u it `then-passes betweenthecuttersi, t, in which `operationit is `jointedrzas `has beenibefore statedwthe ,shafts j, jf, andof'courseithe cams jm', jm', also make a revolution 1n exactlythesame time occupied between the starting of one stave and the next or a stave will pass between the cutters t, t, in the `ward, as the stave passes through `thecams in their revolution will cause the cutters to recede from each other until thecams have made one `half a revolution at which time the center of the stave will have reached the cutters, the cutters will now `approach each other during the next half of the revolution and when the entire revolution has been effected t-he cutters will bein exactly the same position theywere in `at the commencement of the operation, the first stave will have passed through Ithem and the second will just be entering and so on,'thus the rough stave that is placed upon the table n, is delivered at 'the other end of the machine ready for the truss hook.

I will here remark that the bilge of the Cask may be madeggreater or less as the throw of the cams is greater or less, and it may.` be rounding or angular as the form of the cam is parts of two equal circles or more f angular` in form; and further that the ma-` chine `will work staves of any length as the spur wheel or `pinion g, is greater or less, the wheel having 50, teeth to work a stave of 28, inches in length in this machine (the rollers being 4%, in diameter) re quires g, to cont-ain125 teeth;` to work 31, inches g, must have 23 teeth and Vto work 14, inches requires 16, teeth, and I find the machine to work very well when so speeded that the feed of one foot will occupy the time of 3600 revolutions of the main cutters. If the' feed motion and the reciprocating motion of the cams be so arranged that the cams shall make one half a revolution during the passage of `a stave then the stave willhave a straight bevel or swell from end 4to end or a lirkin or bucket formed arrangement analogous to those above set forth and described.

Having thus fully described my invention stave will be produced, and it is clear thatwhat I claim therein as new and desire to moment, lConsisting of the Wheel 7c, with its staves uniformly at the middle or such other stud 7c, the bent. lever Z, the pitman Z, point as may be desired, the whole being 10 leversZ, shaft Z", lever ZW, sliding rod Combined, arranged, and operated in the m, spring m, and adjustable starting bar, manner substantially as herein specified.

in combination with the apparatus for gx'f- WM. HAWVKINS. ing the reciprocating motion to the jointing Witnesses:y cutters, so that the greatest Width of the S. H. VALES,

stave may be given on different lengths of P. I. MEEHAN. 

